Grade 3

Multiplication as equal groups and arrays, and division as sharing into equal groups or making groups of a given size.

Learning every fact to 10 x 10 by building the hard ones from easy ones with the commutative and distributive properties.

Every division fact is a multiplication fact with a missing factor, used to solve equal-group problems.

Rounding to the nearest ten or hundred and fluent mental and written strategies for adding and subtracting within 1,000.

Solving two-step word problems with all four operations and checking answers by estimation.

Area as covering with unit squares, then as length times width, linked back to multiplication.

Perimeter as the distance around a shape, and how shapes with the same perimeter can have different areas.

A fraction is built from unit fractions, one part of a whole cut into equal parts, and can be more than one.

Fractions as points on the number line, equal fractions at the same point, and comparing fractions with a common numerator or denominator.

Elapsed time to the minute, reading scales, and measuring liquid volume in liters and mass in grams and kilograms.

Picture and bar graphs where one symbol or step stands for several, and line plots of lengths measured to the half and quarter inch.

Sorting shapes by their sides and angles, and seeing that rhombuses, rectangles and squares all belong to the larger category of quadrilaterals.